HVAC Refrigerant is Changing: What Homeowners Need to Know

Have you heard of the AIM ACT, (American Innovation and Manufacturing ACT) that was passed by congress in 2020? Its effects are now being felt in the HVAC industry and we wanted to let you know how this affects homeowners.

Basically, this act has led to a transition in the type of refrigerant used in HVAC systems in an effort to reduce GWP (Global Warming Potential) and is part of a broader move to more environmentally friendly practices in heating and cooling.

What Is Happening with Refrigerants?

Traditionally, many HVAC systems have used a refrigerant known as R-410A. This refrigerant has been the standard for years, replacing the older R-22 (commonly known as Freon) due to its lower ozone depletion potential. However, R-410A is now also being phased out in favor of a new generation of refrigerants with even lower environmental impact.

The primary refrigerant replacing R-410A is R-32, although other alternatives like R-454B and R-466A are also emerging. These new refrigerants are more environmentally friendly because they have a lower Global Warming Potential (GWP). The GWP measures how much heat a greenhouse gas traps in the atmosphere over a period of time. The new refrigerants trap significantly less heat than R-410A.

Why Is This Change Happening?

The transition to new refrigerants is part of a global effort to combat climate change. HVAC systems contribute to greenhouse gas emissions, not only through the energy they consume but also through the refrigerants they use. R-410A, while better than its predecessor R-22, still has a relatively high GWP, which contributes to global warming.

The move to lower-GWP refrigerants like R-32 is a proactive step to reduce the environmental impact of HVAC systems. This change aligns with international agreements, such as the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol, which aims to phase down the use of high-GWP refrigerants globally.

What Does This Mean for Homeowners?

As a homeowner, this change has a few important implications:

• New Equipment: If you’re in the market for a new HVAC system, you’ll likely find that new units are designed to use the newer refrigerants like R-32. These systems are generally more efficient and environmentally friendly than older models. A higher efficiency HVAC system can save on home’s energy costs and long-term costs.
• Servicing Older Systems: If your current HVAC system uses R-410A, it will still be serviceable for many years to come. However, as the production of R-410A is phased down, the cost of this refrigerant may increase. This could make servicing older systems more expensive over time. Homeowners with older systems might eventually need to weigh the cost of repairs versus upgrading to a new system that uses a lower-GWP refrigerant. Manufacturers typically hold parts for 20 years to accommodate the warranties of previously sold systems. 

• Replacing Both Furnace & A/C at the Same Time: It’s always been best practice to replace the outdoor and indoor system at the same time so the refrigerant would match. In the past it was possible to mix & match a new condenser with an older air handler to help accommodate financial situations. With the move to a new refrigerant this will not be possible unless older inventory can be located. This will be very hard to come by as HVAC systems are now made to accommodate the new refrigerants.

• Environmental Impact: Transitioning to a new refrigerant is a way for homeowners to reduce their carbon footprint. By choosing systems with lower-GWP refrigerants, you’re contributing to the global effort to mitigate climate change.

• Regulatory Compliance: In some regions, there might be future regulations that encourage or even require the use of lower-GWP refrigerants. Staying informed and considering these factors when maintaining or replacing your HVAC system will help ensure that you’re in compliance with any future regulations.

Conclusion

The shift to new refrigerants in HVAC systems is a positive step toward reducing the environmental impact of home heating and cooling. While it might seem like a technical change, it has real implications for homeowners in terms of equipment choices, servicing costs, and environmental responsibility.

As you plan for the future of your home’s HVAC system, keep these changes in mind. Whether you’re upgrading your system or maintaining your current one, understanding the refrigerant shift will help you make informed decisions that benefit both your home and the planet.